فصلنامه مطالعات اقتصاد انرژی
پیاپی 77 (تابستان 1402)

Optimizing energy consumption is one of the most important current issues in the world to control environmental issues. In this context, many researchers and thinkers tried to provide different solutions to reduce electricity consumption. Behavioral economists are trying to provide low-cost solutions with a higher level of intervention using various behavioral science and behavioral insights. One of the emerging methods based on behavioral insights is gamification, which uses game elements to change the behavior of its audience. In the present research, an attempt was made to study the gamification done in the electricity bills of citizens living in Tehran, the results of the intervention in a statistical sample of 25 thousand sample units in Tehran based on different areas of Tehran as model sections in the time series from April 2018 to December 2022. be extracted by panel data modeling. The results of the research show that the implementation of gamification has reduced electricity consumption by 0.04% in the next period.

Renewable energy sources including Energies of wind, solar, water, biomass, geothermal, marine and other non-fossil energy play a very important role in energy security, social and economic development, access to energy, ensuring energy supply in the long term, they reduce climate change and reduce environmental and health effects. Todays, due to the importance of using renewable energy instead of fossil energy, many countries are seeking to replace their energy sources by passing laws and regulations and adopting incentive and support policies.
In this paper, the researchers are using the library research method to study the comparative laws and regulations and examine the programs and policies encouraging the development of wind, solar, hydroelectricity and biomass energy in the European Union.
 China and the United States are as the main renewable electricity technologies common in each country. It deals with three countries and examines the legal requirements for the expansion and development of renewable energy in these countries.

The extent,complexity and diversity of oil and gas industry projects,especially in the upstream sector, have doubled the importance of prioritizing these projects in order to achieve the desired goals. In this research,based on the statistics and information related to upstream oil capital projects and the indicators and criteria that reflect the importance of oil capital sector projects,they have been prioritized. Based on the experiences of oil and energy experts and connoisseur,as well as quantitative calculations of the desired indicators based on the available information,20suitable criteria and indicators for prioritizing74capital projects of the upstream oil sector under the5main oil and gas production companies,approved by the Plan and Budget Organization,It has been identified and using the methods and patterns of simultaneous use of indicators and criteria, through MCDM method,the desired projects have been prioritized.The model used in this applied research is a multi criteria decision making model or models for problem solving.Indexing for oil capital projects and the formation of the decision matrix of the projects based on the indicators, converting qualitative indicators into quantitative,normalization of the indicators, evaluating the weights of the indicators and finally reaching the appropriate decision model for prioritizing the projects have been used in this research.

Oil and petroleum products are one of the God-given gifts that have been given to some countries in the world. These countries derive a large part of their annual revenues from oil and its derivatives. The important question that has always been raised in these countries is whether oil revenues can lead to economic growth in these countries. On the other hand, given the importance of domestic financial markets in recent years in the world to examine more closely the relationship between economic growth and oil revenues, it is necessary to pay attention to domestic financial markets. Accordingly, this study examines oil revenues and economic growth with an emphasis on domestic financial markets in crude oil-producing countries using the PanelVar method in the period 2020-2000. The results showed that GDP with one and two breaks, and oil revenues with one, three, and four breaks, affect GDP. GDP with four breaks, domestic lending to the private sector by banks with two, three, and four breaks; Oil revenues with one, two, and four interruption periods; Private credit by monetary banks and other financial institutions to GDP affects oil revenues with two, three, and four interruption periods.

The uncertainty in economic variables imposes irreparable effects on the society. Therefore, it is necessary to prevent the consequences of uncertainty in the economy. One of these phenomena is the impact of uncertainty in electricity and lighting consumption on inequality between income deciles. Therefore, investigating the impact of uncertainty in the economy on income distribution requires accurate modeling. In this article, by using the fuzzy regression model with symmetric and asymmetric coefficients in the MATLAB and Wegamz environment, the effect of uncertainty in the distribution of electricity consumption on the Gini coefficient of income deciles in Iran for the period of 2015-2018 has been investigated. The results show that the range of the right and left width of the Gini coefficient of all income deciles, except the first and second deciles, did not deviate significantly until 2013. However, since 2010, the range of deviation of the right and left width has increased, which indicates the increase in inequality in income distribution in the mentioned years. This issue highlights the importance of the distribution of electricity and lighting consumption in reducing income inequality to the extent of the left width on the income distribution. The evaluation of the results shows the extraordinary efficiency of the regression model with fuzzy coefficients.

Environmental issues which are mainly caused by the emission of greenhouse gases have been the leading debates in our contemporary era in developed and developing economies due to environmental degradation. Energy consumption is the most direct source of carbon emission and the progress of energy technology can directly affect carbon dioxide emission. In other words, the advancement of technology can reduce the consumption of energy and consequently reduces the emission of CO2 . The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of technological progress on the reduction of CO2 emission in the period of 2000-2020 for selected countries of the Shanghai Treaty members by using the panel model and the generalized method of moments. The results of this research and the coefficients of the examined variables indicated a negative and significant effect of R&D and human capital variables on CO2 emission. for industry variables, trade openness and primary energy consumption variables showed a positive and significant effect on CO2 emission. Also, the effect of population growth rate and real economic growth rate variables on CO2 emission has not been significant.

Environmental management accounting, as a new management tool, improves the environmental and financial performance of the organization through the promotion of environmental accountability. The results of examining the impact of the industry on the presentation of environmental reports show a significant difference in the type of disclosure in different industries.
 The main purpose of this research is to identify the appropriate criteria for environmental management accounting in the oil and gas industry. the research was carried out in two separate stages during the years 2019 and 2018. First, after studying the theoretical foundations of the research , the qualitative research method was used using the fuzzy Delphi method, and then the ranking of the identified effective factors was done with the help of the AHP technique. As a result of the presented calculations, 15 factors were selected from 24 factors related to retrospective factors, which are respectively: water management, product life cycle assessment (LCA), energy management, material management , pollution management, environmental protection costs, Cost allocation , material and energy flow accounting , waste management, performance evaluation, pollution prevention costs, environmental renewal costs, risk assessment of various environmental effects high quality, and past evaluation of decisions related to environmental costs

global warming and the greenhouse effect caused by the release of atmospheric pollutants and the subsequent threat to life on the planet have become one of the most important challenges facing governments and their economic decision makers. Emission of carbon dioxide from fossil fuels in industries plays a significant role in this pollution. Furthermore , in the countries that have sheltered the worn-out industries of the developed countries, the emission of carbon dioxide gas caused by the fuels used in the industry, inappropriate industrial infrastructure and high energy consumption are the main reasons that endanger the environmental conditions of these countries
this study has examined the effect of exchanges resulting from trade openness on carbon dioxide emissions in MENA countries during the period from 2004 to 2020. Meanwhile, by using spatial econometric techniques, it has paid attention to the mutual effect of countries on each other in the process of producing carbon dioxide gas. The results indicate the confirmation of the effect of spatial proximity and the positive effect of the degree of commercial openness on the emission of carbon dioxide in the studied countries.